Peer Review, Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

Peer-Review

Manuscripts submitted to E-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine undergo a double-blinded peer-review process. Each submitted article is reviewed by at least two external experts in the relevant fields who are independent of the journal's editorial management.

The initial step of the submission involves an evaluation of technical corrections, scope, and quality by the editorial members of the journal. The Editor-in-Chief assigns an editorial member to the submitted article, who then initiates the process. Technical corrections may be requested from the author at the editor's discretion. Articles determined not to be within the scope of the journal are rejected at this stage.

The second step involves the assignment of reviewers for the submitted articles. The Editor-in-Chief and the Associate Editors are responsible for this step. Editors appoint two external reviewers, whose are experts and independent from the editorial management of the journal, to evaluate the article considering its subject matter. These reviewers are selected from national and international experts in the relevant field of research Once the reviewer evaluation process is complete, the reviewer reports are sent along with the editorial decision. If the decision requires "minor" or "major" revisions, the author is requested to make the necessary corrections within a specified deadline. These reviewer reports are shared with the authors anonymously.

The Editor-in-Chief makes a final decision based on editorial priorities, manuscript quality, and Associate Editor’s and reviewers’ recommendations.

The ethical criteria for the journal's peer-review process are based on COPE's Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers.

Editorial policies of the journal are conducted as stated in the rules recommended by the Council of Science Editors and reflected in the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication. Accordingly, authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to adhere to the best practice guidelines on ethical behavior contained in this statement.

Human and Animal Rights

For the experimental, clinical and drug human studies, approval by ethical committee and a statement on the adherence of the study protocol to the international agreements (World Medical Association of Helsinki “Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects,” amended October 2013) are required. In experimental animal studies, the authors should indicate that the procedures followed were by animal rights (Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals), and they should obtain animal ethics committee approval. The Ethics Committee approval document should be submitted to E-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine together with the manuscript.

The approval of the ethics committee, statement on the adherence to international guidelines mentioned above and that the patient's informed consent is obtained should be indicated in the `Material and Method` section and is required for case reports whenever data/media used could reveal the identity of the patient. The declaration of the conflict of interest between authors, institutions, acknowledgement of any financial or material support, aid is mandatory for authors submitting a manuscript, and the statement should appear at the end of the manuscript. Reviewers are required to report if any potential conflict of interest exists between the reviewer and authors, institutions.

In adherence to our journal's ethical policy, we respectfully request that individuals who are under the age of 18 provide a consent form that includes the signatures of both parents or legal guardians, or that of a designated supervisor. This requirement is in place to ensure that all legal obligations are met and to safeguard the rights of minors. The consent form will serve as a formal agreement and authorization for the individual to participate in any activities or services offered by our journal.

DUTIES OF PUBLISHER

Due to our editorial policy, the publisher assumes various responsibilities related to unethical behavior, editorial autonomy, intellectual property, and copyright. In case of potential abuses in this regard, our journal may take actions such as publishing a correction, disclosing the situation, or retracting the affected work.  This journal uses "iThenticate" to screen all submissions for plagiarism before publication.

Our journal evaluates unethical behavior within the framework of the following principles.

Plagiarism:  Presenting someone else's work, whether it be data, words, or theories, as if it were one's own, without giving due credit or acknowledgment.

Data Falsification: Engaging in the manipulation of research data with the aim of creating a deceptive perception. This manipulation encompasses actions such as altering images (e.g., micrographs, gels, radiological images), excluding outliers or undesirable results, modifying, adding, or omitting data points, and similar practices.

Data Fabrication: Creating false data or results involves intentionally inventing information to deceive, misrepresent the scientific process, and compromise research integrity.

Citation Manipulation: Inflating citation counts for personal gain involves behaviors such as excessively citing one's own work, overemphasizing citations to the journal publishing the citing article, and coordinating excessive citations between journals.

Peer Review Manipulation: Manipulating the scholarly evaluation process entails deceptive practices like submitting fake reviews or colluding to bias assessments, compromising the integrity of the review system.

Authorship Misconduct: Unethical actions related to attributing authorship involve unauthorized inclusion or exclusion, misrepresentation of contributions, and improper credit assignment, undermining transparency and fairness in scholarly collaboration.

The publisher also has certain responsibilities in terms of "editorial autonomy" and "intellectual property and copyright”. The publisher is committed to ensuring the autonomy of editorial decisions without influence from commercial partners.

The publisher protects the property and copyright of the articles published in the journal and maintains each article's published version of the record. The journal provides the integrity and transparency of each published article.

DUTIES OF EDITORS

The editor of the journal strives to meet the needs of readers and authors, constantly improve their journal, to provide a fair, and appropriate peer-review process. The editor is also responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published and guided by the policies subjected to legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. The editor might discuss such policies, procedures, and responsibilities with reviewers while making publication decisions. The editor is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication.

Members of the editorial board act in line with the promotion of scholarly work in the specialized field associated with the journal. Authors are encouraged in this direction. Accordingly, submitted articles are objectively evaluated, and standards are established for the creation of peer reviews that are scientifically contributive and constructive.

By this reason, articles that are submitted to the journal are always evaluated without any prejudice.

The editor does not  disclose any information about a submitted article to anyone other than editorial staff, reviewers, and publisher.

E-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine does not allow any conflicts of interest among authors, reviewers, and editors. Unpublished materials in a submitted article must not be used by anyone without the express written assent of the author.

Authors are obliged to notify the journal's editors or publisher immediately and to cooperate with them to correct or retract the article if significant errors or inaccuracies are detected in the published work. If the editors or publisher learn from a third party that a published work contains a material error or inaccuracy, the authors must promptly correct or retract the article or provide the journal editors with evidence of the accuracy of the article.

The Advisory Board assists in establishing and maintaining the editorial policies of the journal. The primary objective of the board is to aid in the application of editorial policies at the highest scientific standards.

Members of the board of editorial and scientifc advisory do not participate in any way in the peer review process.

To preserve objective evaluation, E-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine will appoint external editor to assess articles authored by individuals from its own editorial board. The term 'external editor' refers to the appointment of an expert with specialized knowledge in the subject matter of the article from the carefully selected advisory board members of the journal.

DUTIES OF REVIEWERS

The journal expects its experts serving as referees to take on specific responsibilities within our structure. The relevant duties are as follows:

- All information pertaining to submitted articles is held in strict confidence. Reviewers should not be disclosed to others unless authorized by the editor.

- Reviewers aid the editor in making publication decisions and may also support the author in enhancing the manuscript.

- Reviewers should not limit their reports to simple yes-no questions but should create them with comments that provide scientific contributions to the authors.

- Reviewers provide impartial judgments and assessments, articulating their perspectives clearly with relevant supporting arguments.

-  Reviewers are expected to pinpoint pertinent published studies that the authors have overlooked.

- Additionally, reviewers should bring to the editor's notice any significant similarities or overlaps between the manuscript and other published papers within their personal knowledge.

DUTIES OF AUTHORS

- The submitted manuscript should be original, and the authors ensure that the manuscript has never been published previously in any journal.

- Data of the research ought to be represented literally in the article. A manuscript ought to include adequate detail and references to allow others to replicate the study.

- The words and sentences getting from the literature should be appropriately cited. All of the sources that used the process of the study should be remarked.

- Convenient acknowledgement of the study of others has to be given. Authors ought to cite publications that have been efficient in determining the study.

- Authors should not submit the same study for publishing in any other journals. Simultaneous submission of the same study to more than one journal is unacceptable and constitutes unethical behaviour.

- Authorship of a paper ought to be limited to those who have made a noteworthy contribution to the study. If others have participated in the research, they should be listed as contributors. Authorship also includes a corresponding author who is in communication with the editor of a journal. The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors are included in a paper.

All sources of financial support should be disclosed. All authors ought to disclose a meaningful conflict of interest in the process of forming their study. Any financial grants or other support received for a submitted study from individuals or institutions should be disclosed to the Editorial Board of E-Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. The ICMJE Potential Conflict of Interest Disclosure Form should be filled in and submitted by all contributing authors to disclose a potential conflict of interest. The journal’s Editorial Board determines cases of a potential conflict of interest of the editors, authors, or reviewers within the scope of COPE and ICMJE guidelines.

Conditions that provide financial or personal benefit bring about a conflict of interest. The reliability of the scientific process and the published articles is directly related to the objective consideration of conflicts of interest during the planning, implementation, writing, evaluation, editing, and publication of scientific studies.

Financial relations are the most easily identified conflicts of interest, and it is inevitable that they will undermine the credibility of the journal, the authors, and the science. These conflicts can be caused by individual relations, academic competition, or intellectual approaches. The authors should refrain as much as possible from making agreements with sponsors in the opinion of gaining profit or any other advantage that restrict their ability to access all data of the study or analyze, interpret, prepare, and publish their articles In order to prevent conflicts of interest, editors should refrain from bringing together those who may have any relationship between them during the evaluation of the studies. The editors, who make the final decision about the articles, should not have any personal, professional or financial ties with any of the issues they are going to decide. Authors should inform the editorial board concerning potential conflicts of interest to ensure that their articles will be evaluated within the framework of ethical principles through an independent assessment process.

If one of the editors is an author in any manuscript, the editor is excluded from the manuscript evaluation process. In order to prevent any conflict of interest, the article evaluation process is carried out as double-blinded. Because of the double-blinded evaluation process, except for the Editor-in-Chief, none of the editorial board members, international advisory board members, or reviewers is informed about the authors of the manuscript or institutions of the authors.

Our publication team works devotedly to ensuring that the evaluation process is conducted impartially, considering all these situations.

The conflict of interest form that each author has to sign must be uploaded during the manuscript submission.